Xa bebuzwa ukuba bacinga ukuba iirobhothi zinokukhangeleka njani, inkoliso yabantu icinga ngeerobhothi ezinkulu ezijingayo ezisebenza kwiindawo ezibiyelweyo zemizi-mveliso emikhulu, okanye amajoni axhobe ngezixhobo zexesha elizayo axelisa indlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo.
Phakathi, nangona kunjalo, into entsha iphuma ngokuthula: ukuvela kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi "cobots", ezinokuthi zisebenze ngokuthe ngqo kunye nabasebenzi abangabantu ngaphandle kwemfuneko yocingo olukhuselekileyo lokuzihlukanisa.Olu hlobo lwe-cobot lunokuba nethemba lokuvala umsantsa phakathi kwemigca yendibano yezandla ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-automated ngokupheleleyo.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ezinye iinkampani, ngakumbi ii-SME, zisacinga ukuba i-automation yerobhothi ibiza kakhulu kwaye inzima, ngoko ke abakaze bacinge ukuba kunokwenzeka ukufaka isicelo.
Iirobhothi zemveli zemizi-mveliso ziqhelekile ukuba zininzi, zisebenza ngasemva kwezikhuselo zeglasi, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lweemoto kunye neminye imigca yokuhlanganisana emikhulu.Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-cobots zilula, ziguquguquka kakhulu, zihamba, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuphinda zilungiswe ukusombulula imisebenzi emitsha, ukunceda iinkampani zilungelelanise nomgangatho ophezulu wokuvelisa umatshini wokuvelisa umbane ukuhlangabezana nemingeni yemveliso yexesha elifutshane.EUnited States, inani leerobhothi ezisetyenziswa kwishishini leemoto lisaqhuba malunga ne-65% yentengiso yeemarike iyonke.I-American Robot Industry Association (RIA), ecaphula idatha yombonisi, ikholelwa ukuba phakathi kweenkampani ezinokuzuza kwiirobhothi, kuphela i-10% yeenkampani ezifake iirobhothi ngoku.
Umenzi wokuncedisa ukuva u-Odicon usebenzisa iingalo zerobhothi ze-UR5 ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwisiseko, ngelixa izixhobo zokufunxa zitshintshwe ngeeclamps ze-pneumatic ezinokusingatha ukuphosa okuyinkimbinkimbi.Irobhothi ene-axis emithandathu inomjikelo wemizuzwana emine ukuya kwesixhenxe kwaye iyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokuqengqeleka nokuthambeka engenakwenzeka ngesiqhelo iirobhothi ezimbini zeOdicon ezizii-axis ezintathu.
Ukuphatha ngokuchanekileyo
Iirobhothi zemveli ezisetyenziswa yi-Audi azikwazanga ukusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene nokusebenza kunye nokuphatheka.Kodwa ngeerobhothi ezintsha, yonke into iyahamba.Amalungu ee-AIDS zale mihla zokuva aya esiba mancinci kwaye encipha, ngokufuthi enokulinganisa imilimitha enye kuphela.Abenzi boncedo lokuva baye bafuna isisombululo esinokufunxa iindawo ezincinci kwisikhunta.Oku akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukwenza ngesandla.Ngokufanayo, iirobhothi "ezindala" ezimbini okanye ezintathu, ezinokuhamba ngokuthe tye kwaye ngokuthe nkqo, azikwazi ukufezekiswa.Ukuba, umzekelo, inxalenye encinci ibambekile kwi-mold, irobhothi kufuneka ikwazi ukuyikhupha ngaphandle.
Ngosuku nje olunye, i-Audicon ifake iirobhothi kwindawo yayo yokusebenzela yokubumba imisebenzi emitsha.Irobhothi entsha inokugxunyekwa ngokukhuselekileyo phezu komatshini wokubumba umatshini wokubumba, ukuzoba amacandelo eplastiki ngenkqubo yokucoca eyilwe ngokukodwa, ngelixa iindawo ezibunjiweyo ezinzima ngakumbi ziphathwa kusetyenziswa i-pneumatic clamps.Ngombulelo kuyilo lwe-axis emithandathu, irobhothi entsha iyakwazi ukulawuleka kakhulu kwaye inokukhawuleza ukususa iinxalenye kubumba ngokujikeleza okanye ukuthambeka.Iirobhothi ezintsha zinomjikelo wokusebenza wemizuzwana emine ukuya kwesixhenxe, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bokuqhuba kwemveliso kunye nobukhulu bamacandelo.Ngenxa yenkqubo yemveliso ephuculweyo, ixesha lokuhlawula liziintsuku ezingama-60 kuphela.
Kwi-Audi Factory, i-robot ye-UR ifakwe ngokuqinileyo kumatshini wokubumba inaliti kwaye inokuhamba phezu kweembumba kwaye ithathe izinto zeplastiki.Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokufunxa eyilwe ngokukodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba amalungu anovakalelo ayonakaliswa.
Inokusebenza kwindawo encinci
Kwisityalo sase-Italian Cascina Italia, irobhothi esebenzisanayo esebenza kumgca wokupakisha inokwenza amaqanda angama-15,000 ngeyure.Ixhotyiswe ngeeclamp zepneumatic, irobhothi inokugqiba umsebenzi wokupakisha iibhokisi zamaqanda ezili-10.Umsebenzi ufuna ukuphathwa okuchanekileyo kakhulu kunye nokubekwa ngononophelo, njengoko ibhokisi nganye yeqanda iqulethe i-9 iileya ze-10 zamaqanda.
Ekuqaleni, uCascina wayengalindelanga ukusebenzisa iirobhothi ukwenza umsebenzi, kodwa inkampani yamaqanda yakhawuleza yabona izibonelelo zokusebenzisa iirobhothi emva kokuzibona zisebenza kumzi-mveliso wayo.Kwiintsuku ezingamashumi alithoba emva koko, iirobhothi ezintsha zisebenza kwimigca yefektri.Inobunzima obuziikhilogram ezili-11 kuphela, irobhothi inokuhamba ngokulula ukusuka komnye umgca wokupakisha ukuya komnye, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kwiCascina, enobukhulu obune beemveliso zamaqanda kwaye ifuna irobhothi ukuze ikwazi ukusebenza kwindawo encinci kakhulu ecaleni kwabasebenzi abangabantu.
I-Cascina Italia isebenzisa irobhothi ye-UR5 esuka kwi-UAO Robotics ukucubungula amaqanda ayi-15,000 ngeyure kumgca wayo wokupakisha ozenzekelayo.Abasebenzi benkampani banokuphinda bahlele irobhothi kwaye basebenze ecaleni kwayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ucingo lokhuseleko.Ngenxa yokuba umzi-mveliso weCascina ubungacetywanga ukuba ube neyunithi enye yokuzenzela, irobhothi ephathwayo ekwaziyo ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwemisebenzi yayibalulekile kumthengisi wamaqanda wase-Italiya.
Ukhuseleko kuqala
Ixesha elide, ukhuseleko beluyeyona ndawo ishushu kunye neyona nto iphambili yokuqhuba uphando lwebhubhoratri yerobhothi kunye nophuhliso.Ukuqwalasela ukhuseleko lokusebenza nabantu, isizukulwana esitsha seerobhothi zemizi-mveliso siquka i-spherical joints, i-motor reverse-driven, i-force sensors kunye nezixhobo ezilula.
Iirobhothi zomzi-mveliso waseCascina zithobela iimfuno ezikhoyo zokhuseleko kumandla kunye nomlinganiselo wetorque.Xa bedibana nabasebenzi abangabantu, iirobhothi zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokulawula amandla ezinciphisa amandla okuthintela ukukhusela ukulimala.Kwizicelo ezininzi, emva kovavanyo lomngcipheko, le nto yokhuseleko ivumela irobhothi ukuba isebenze ngaphandle kwesidingo sokhuseleko lokhuseleko.
Kuphephe ukusebenza nzima
KwiNkampani yeCuba yaseScandinavia, iirobhothi ezisebenzisanayo ngoku zinokusebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo kunye nabasebenzi abangabantu ukuvala iitoti zeCuba kwizixhobo zokupakisha iCuba.
Kwicuba laseScandinavia, irobhothi ye-UR5 ngoku ilayisha iinkonkxa zecuba, ikhulula abasebenzi kubunxila obuphindaphindayo kwaye ibatshintshele kwimisebenzi elula.Iimveliso zengalo zoomatshini ezintsha zenkampani yeYouao Robot zamkelwa kakuhle ngumntu wonke.
Iirobhothi ezintsha zinokuthatha indawo yabasebenzi abangabantu kwimisebenzi ephindaphindwayo enzima, ikhulula umsebenzi omnye okanye ababini ababefanele ukuba benze umsebenzi ngaphambili ngesandla.Abo basebenzi ngoku baye bathunyelwa kwezinye izikhundla kulo mzi-mveliso.Ekubeni kungekho ndawo yaneleyo kwiyunithi yokupakisha kumzi-mveliso yokuhlukanisa iirobhothi, ukuthunyelwa kweerobhothi ezisebenzisanayo kwenza kube lula ukufakela kwaye kunciphisa iindleko.
Icuba laseScandinavia liphuhlise umatshini walo kwaye lalungiselela ukuba amagcisa angaphakathi agqibezele inkqubo yokuqala.Oku kukhusela ukwazi kweshishini, kuqinisekisa imveliso ephezulu, kwaye kuthintele ixesha lokuphumla kwemveliso, kunye nesidingo sabacebisi ababiza imali eninzi xa kukho ukusilela kwesisombululo esizenzekelayo.Ukuphunyezwa kwemveliso ephuculweyo kuye kwakhokelela abanini bamashishini ukuba bathathe isigqibo sokugcina imveliso kumazwe aseScandinavia apho imivuzo iphezulu.Iirobhothi ezintsha zenkampani yecuba zinembuyekezo kwixesha lotyalo-mali leentsuku ezingama-330.
Ukusuka kwiibhotile ze-45 ngomzuzu ukuya kwiibhotile ze-70 ngomzuzu
Abavelisi abakhulu banokuzuza kwiirobhothi ezintsha.Kwifektri kaJohnson & Johnson eAthene, eGrisi, iirobhothi ezisebenzisanayo ziye zayiphucula kakhulu inkqubo yokupakishwa kweenwele kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lwesikhumba.Ukusebenza ubusuku nemini, ingalo yerobhothi inokuthatha iibhotile ezintathu zemveliso ukusuka kumgca wokuvelisa ngexesha elinye rhoqo ngemizuzwana eyi-2.5, Ziqhelanise kwaye uzibeke ngaphakathi kumatshini wokupakisha.Ukucutshungulwa ngesandla kunokufikelela kwiibhotile ze-45 ngomzuzu, xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ze-70 ngomzuzu kunye nemveliso yokuncedisa i-robot.
KwaJohnson & Johnson, abasebenzi bathanda ukusebenza kunye noogxa babo abatsha abasebenzisana nabo kangangokuba banegama layo.I-UR5 ngoku iyaziwa ngokuba yi "Cleo".
Iibhotile ziyacocwa kwaye zidluliselwe ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle komngcipheko wokukrwela okanye ukutyibilika.Ubuchwephesha berobhothi bubalulekile kuba iibhotile ziza ngazo zonke iimilo kunye nobukhulu kwaye iileyibhile aziprintwa kwicala elinye lazo zonke iimveliso, oku kuthetha ukuba irobhothi kufuneka ikwazi ukubamba imveliso ukusuka kwicala lasekunene nelasekhohlo.
Nawuphi na umqeshwa we-J&J unokucwangcisa ngokutsha iirobhothi ukuba zenze imisebenzi emitsha, okonga inkampani iindleko zokuqesha abadwelisi benkqubo abangaphandle.
Umkhombandlela omtsha kuphuhliso lwerobhothi
Le yeminye imizekelo yendlela isizukulwana esitsha seerobhothi esiye sahlangabezana ngayo ngempumelelo nemingeni yehlabathi yokwenyani apho iirobhothi zemveli ziye zasilela ukuyicombulula ngaphambili.Xa kufikwa kububhetyebhetye bentsebenziswano yabantu kunye nemveliso, izakhono zeerobhothi zemveli zemizi-mveliso kufuneka ziphuculwe phantse kuwo onke amanqanaba: Ukusuka kufakelo olusisigxina ukuya kwindawo enokufuduswa, ukusuka kwimisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ukuya kwimisebenzi etshintsha rhoqo, ukusuka kwikhefu ukuya kunxibelelwano oluqhubekayo, ukusuka kungabikho mntu. ukusebenzisana ukuya kwintsebenziswano rhoqo nabasebenzi, ukusuka kwindawo yodwa ukuya ekwabelaneni ngesithuba, kwaye ukusuka kwiminyaka yenzuzo ukuya kwimbuyekezo ekufutshane-ekhawulezayo kutyalo-mali.Kwixesha elizayo elingekude, kuya kubakho uphuhliso olutsha kwintsimi ekhulayo yeerobhothi eziza kutshintsha rhoqo indlela esisebenza ngayo kunye nokusebenzisana nobuchwepheshe.
Icuba laseScandinavia liphuhlise umatshini walo kwaye lalungiselela ukuba amagcisa angaphakathi agqibezele inkqubo yokuqala.Oku kukhusela ukwazi kweshishini, kuqinisekisa imveliso ephezulu, kwaye kuthintele ixesha lokuphumla kwemveliso, kunye nesidingo sabacebisi ababiza imali eninzi xa kukho ukusilela kwesisombululo esizenzekelayo.Ukuphunyezwa kwemveliso ephuculweyo kuye kwakhokelela abanini bamashishini ukuba bathathe isigqibo sokugcina imveliso kumazwe aseScandinavia apho imivuzo iphezulu.Iirobhothi ezintsha zenkampani yecuba zinembuyekezo kwixesha lotyalo-mali leentsuku ezingama-330.
Ukusuka kwiibhotile ze-45 ngomzuzu ukuya kwiibhotile ze-70 ngomzuzu
Abavelisi abakhulu banokuzuza kwiirobhothi ezintsha.Kwifektri kaJohnson & Johnson eAthene, eGrisi, iirobhothi ezisebenzisanayo ziye zayiphucula kakhulu inkqubo yokupakishwa kweenwele kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lwesikhumba.Ukusebenza ubusuku nemini, ingalo yerobhothi inokuthatha iibhotile ezintathu zemveliso ukusuka kumgca wokuvelisa ngexesha elinye rhoqo ngemizuzwana eyi-2.5, Ziqhelanise kwaye uzibeke ngaphakathi kumatshini wokupakisha.Ukucutshungulwa ngesandla kunokufikelela kwiibhotile ze-45 ngomzuzu, xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ze-70 ngomzuzu kunye nemveliso yokuncedisa i-robot.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-25-2022